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The search for "ilyas ansari community medicine pdf new" reflects the reality of modern medical education—students want portable, affordable, and up-to-date resources. Dr. Ilyas Ansari’s textbook serves an excellent niche: fast revision and high-yield facts.
However, avoid the trap of pirated, dangerous websites. The "new" edition is valuable only if it is authentic and complete. Invest a small amount of money in the legal e-book or request your college library to procure a digital license. Your future patients and your exam scores will thank you for studying from reliable, current information.
Final Tip: Before your final professional exams, merge two resources—read Park once for basics, then use the new Ilyas Ansari PDF for ten days of intensive revision. That formula consistently produces top ranks in Social and Preventive Medicine.
Disclaimer: This article does not host or provide links to copyrighted PDFs. It encourages legal purchase and responsible study practices.
Introduction to Community Medicine
Community medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the health of communities and populations. It focuses on preventing disease, promoting health, and prolonging life through organized efforts and informed choices.
Key Concepts in Community Medicine
Importance of Community Medicine
Challenges in Community Medicine
Role of Community Medicine in Public Health
If you're looking for a PDF version of Ilyas Ansari's community medicine notes, you can try searching online academic databases, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, or Google Scholar. You can also check online libraries or e-bookstores.
The Public Health and Community Medicine textbook by Prof. Muhammad Ilyas and Shah Ilyas Ansari is widely regarded as a foundational resource for medical students and public health professionals in Pakistan and abroad. Current Edition Details The 8th edition
is the latest comprehensive release. This edition is significant as it was published after a decade-long gap following the passing of its pioneering author, Prof. Muhammad Ilyas.
Lead Author/Editor: Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui (with Shah Ilyas Ansari). Format: Paperback, typically around 1,016 pages. Publisher: Time Publishers / Time Traders. Key Updates: The 8th edition
incorporates regional and global changes in public health from the last decade, reflecting the dynamic nature of the field. Core Content & Structure
The textbook covers essential modules required for undergraduate and postgraduate community medicine curricula: (PDF) Public Health and Community Medicine - ResearchGate
About the Book: The book "Community Medicine" by Ilyaas Ansari is a comprehensive textbook that covers the essential topics in community medicine, including epidemiology, biostatistics, health education, and more.
Key Features:
Why is it useful? This book is useful for:
Where to find the PDF: You can try searching online platforms, such as:
Please note that I couldn't find a direct link to a free PDF version of the book. You may need to purchase a copy or access it through a medical library or institution.
The textbook Public Health and Community Medicine , originally authored by Professor Muhammad Ilyas and later co-authored/edited by Shah Ilyas Ansari, is a cornerstone of medical education in Pakistan . Often referred to as " Ilyas Ansari ," the 8th edition
is currently the most recognized version used by medical students and public health professionals . The Legacy of Ilyas Ansari Community Medicine
The book's history dates back to 1979, when the first edition was published by Prof. Mohammad Ilyas (1915–2007), a pioneer in public health education . Over more than three decades, it has evolved through eight editions to become a preferred manual for undergraduate and postgraduate students . Prof. Ilyas served as the first Dean of Community Medicine at Baqai Medical University, where he established influential programs like the Masters in Public Health . Core Themes and Content
The 8th edition, often published by Time Publishers or Time Traders, provides comprehensive coverage of modern public health principles . Key areas of focus include:
Epidemiology and Research: Fundamentals of disease measurement, outbreak investigation, and epidemiological methods (descriptive, analytic, and experimental) .
Health and Disease Concepts: Detailed exploration of levels of prevention (primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary) and the natural history of disease .
Maternal and Child Health: Strategies for improving community well-being through family planning, nutrition, and vaccination .
Environmental and Social Medicine: The study of how physical, biological, and socio-economic environments impact human health .
Healthcare Systems: Analysis of Pakistan's vertical and horizontal health programs, such as the Social Action Program (SAP) and the National Program for Family Planning . Educational Significance Community Medicine 2021-2022 - CMH Lahore Medical College
The Significance of Ilyaas Ansari Community Medicine PDF in Public Health
The field of community medicine is a vital aspect of public health, focusing on the prevention and treatment of diseases within communities. One notable figure in this field is Ilyaas Ansari, whose work has significantly contributed to the understanding and practice of community medicine. This essay aims to explore the importance of Ilyaas Ansari's Community Medicine PDF, a valuable resource for medical professionals, students, and researchers.
Community Medicine: A Brief Overview
Community medicine, also known as preventive medicine or public health medicine, is a branch of medicine that deals with the health of populations rather than individuals. It encompasses the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, as well as health promotion and education. Community medicine professionals work to identify and address the root causes of health problems, developing strategies to promote healthy behaviors and environments.
Ilyaas Ansari: A Pioneer in Community Medicine
Ilyaas Ansari is a renowned expert in community medicine, with extensive experience in public health, epidemiology, and health systems research. His work focuses on addressing health disparities, improving healthcare access, and promoting evidence-based practices. Ansari's contributions to community medicine have been widely recognized, and his publications have been influential in shaping the field.
The Community Medicine PDF: A Comprehensive Resource
The Community Medicine PDF by Ilyaas Ansari is a comprehensive resource that provides an in-depth exploration of community medicine principles, practices, and research. The document covers a range of topics, including:
Significance of the Community Medicine PDF
The Community Medicine PDF by Ilyaas Ansari is a valuable resource for various stakeholders: ilyas ansari community medicine pdf new
Conclusion
In conclusion, Ilyaas Ansari's Community Medicine PDF is an essential resource for anyone interested in community medicine and public health. The document provides a thorough understanding of the field, covering key concepts, principles, and practices. As a comprehensive guide, it has significant implications for medical education, research, and practice. By exploring the Community Medicine PDF, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between health, healthcare, and society, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and more effective public health interventions.
References
Ansari, I. (2022). Community Medicine PDF. [Insert link or publication details]
World Health Organization. (2019). Community Medicine: A Guide to Clinical Practice.
National Institute of Public Health. (2020). Community Medicine: A Framework for Practice.
The Textbook of Community Medicine by Prof. Mohammed Ilyas and Dr. Mubashir Alam Ansari (often referred to as Ilyas Ansari) is a foundational resource in public health education, particularly within South Asian medical curricula. Textbook Overview Authors: Prof. Mohammed Ilyas and Dr. Mubashir Alam Ansari.
Recent Editions: The 6th edition is commonly listed as a core recommended text for MBBS students. Following the passing of Prof. Ilyas, subsequent updates (including guidance for the 8th edition) were managed by colleagues like Dr. Hansotia.
Format: Digital versions (PDFs) are often hosted on academic platforms such as Scribd and Internet Archive. Key Subject Areas Covered
The textbook is widely used for preparing for the MBBS Third Professional Examination in Community Medicine, covering the following core modules:
The latest edition of the textbook for Public Health and Community Medicine by Shah, Ilyas, and Ansari is the 8th Edition
, published by Time Traders / Time Publishers. This book is a staple reference for medical students, especially in Pakistan, covering essential topics for the MBBS curriculum. Key Content Overview 8th Edition typically includes updated information on:
Basic Public Health Concepts: Definitions of health and disease, dimensions of health, and the history of public health.
Epidemiology: Principles and applications of epidemiology for both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Health Systems: Detailed insights into the Pakistan health system, national disease control programs, and primary healthcare.
Specialized Topics: Nutrition, medical ethics, doctor-patient relationships, and basic medical statistics. Where to Find the Content
While full PDF versions are often restricted due to copyright, you can access summaries, order physical copies, or find related digital resources here: Official Purchase: The 8th edition
is available at retailers like Alkitab Books and Pak Online Books.
Curriculum Context: You can find syllabus outlines that list this book as a core reference on academic portals like Ilmkidunya. Community Previews : A preview and foreword for the 8th edition
are available on ResearchGate, providing context on the book's history and updates. (PDF) Public Health and Community Medicine - ResearchGate
The "full story" of the textbook " Public Health and Community Medicine " by Shah Ilyas Ansari
is a legacy of Pakistani medical education that spans over four decades. The Legacy: From Late Prof. Ilyas to the 8th Edition
The book was originally the brainchild of Late Prof. Mohammad Ilyas (1915–2007), a pioneer in public health education in Pakistan. Since its first publication in 1979, it has served as a standard reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students. After a nearly decade-long gap following the passing of Prof. Ilyas and his successor, Dr. Hansotia, the work was revived and updated. The Latest Edition (8th Edition)
The 8th Edition, published by Time Traders, is the current "new" version available in the market. It has been extensively revised to incorporate modern global and regional public health changes. Key Features:
Extensive Scope: Spans over 1,016 pages in a paperback format.
Updated Content: Includes recent advances in epidemiology, health policy, and environmental health.
Regional Focus: Specifically tailored to the health systems and public health challenges in Pakistan.
Educational Structure: Follows a modular system, linking basic science knowledge to clinical problems and community-based learning. Core Topics Covered
The text is divided into sections that align with standard MBBS community medicine curricula:
Concepts of Health & Disease: Definitions of health, spectrum of disease, and levels of prevention.
Public Health Systems: History and development of health systems in Pakistan and the role of government.
Epidemiology: Principles and application for communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Specialized Areas: Nutrition, biostatistics, medical ethics, demography, and occupational health. Finding the Book
You can find the physical book at retailers like Pak Online Books, Alkitab Books, and Fareed Book Centre. Digital versions and overviews are often hosted on educational platforms like Scribd and ResearchGate. AI responses may include mistakes. Learn more (PDF) Public Health and Community Medicine - ResearchGate
Public Health and Community Medicine (often referred to as Ilyas Ansari) is a standard textbook for medical students, with its 8th edition
being the most current version. The new edition updates nearly a decade's worth of public health changes, specifically incorporating regional and global developments. Key Content Overview
The textbook is structured to cover the comprehensive syllabus of Community Medicine, particularly for 4th-year MBBS students.
Foundational Concepts: Detailed exploration of health and disease, including definitions, determinants, indicators, and the natural history of disease.
Epidemiology & Research: General epidemiology, dynamics of infectious disease transmission, and research methodology. The search for "ilyas ansari community medicine pdf
Disease Prevention: Strategies for the control, elimination, and eradication of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Public Health Systems: Evolution of public health, health policy, and the primary healthcare system specifically within Pakistan.
Specialized Topics: Biostatistics, demography, population dynamics, food and nutrition, and environmental health. 8th Edition Specifications
Editor: Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui (taking over after the passing of original authors Prof. Mohammad Ilyas and Dr. Hansotia).
Format: Typically published as a paperback with approximately 1,016 pages. Publisher: Time Publishers / Time Traders. ISBN: 9789698261566. Accessibility Community Medicine 2021-2022 - CMH Lahore Medical College
The textbook Public Health and Community Medicine Shah, Ilyas, and Ansari
is a cornerstone resource for medical students in Pakistan, particularly those following the Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU)
and University of Health Sciences (UHS) curricula. Often referred to simply as "Ilyas Ansari," the book is currently in its 8th Edition as of recent academic guides. Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. Overview of the Textbook Originally pioneered by the late Professor Ilyas
, the text was designed to bridge the gap between theoretical medicine and practical, integrated primary healthcare. It is widely recognized for its structured approach to complex public health topics, making it a primary recommendation for 4th-year MBBS students preparing for professional examinations. ResearchGate
The textbook covers critical domains essential for modern community medicine, including: Epidemiology:
General principles, research methodology, and the control of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Health Systems:
Detailed insights into the healthcare delivery system in Pakistan and the principles of Primary Health Care (PHC) Specialized Health:
Maternal and Child Health (MCH), occupational health, environmental health (water, air, and waste disposal), and nutrition. Biostatistics and Demography:
Foundations of medical statistics and population dynamics used in community diagnosis. Aziz Fatimah Medical & Dental College Academic Relevance and "New" Integrated Curriculum (PDF) Public Health and Community Medicine - ResearchGate
The book commonly referred to as " Ilyas Ansari " is officially titled Public Health and Community Medicine , edited by Prof. Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui. Latest Edition & Availability
The 8th edition is the most recent version, published or updated as recently as 2024. While older versions (like the 1979 edition) are available for free viewing on Internet Archive, the latest 8th edition is primarily available for purchase through medical bookstores. Key Content Features
The 8th edition was updated to include regional and global advancements in public health from the last decade. Key topics covered include:
Basic Sciences: Concepts of health and disease, social and behavioral sciences, and medical ethics.
Environmental Health: Water requirements, safe sanitation, and environmental problems.
Epidemiology: Principles and applications for both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Applied Sciences: Nutrition, basic statistics, research methodology, and demography. Where to Buy
You can find the latest paperback edition (ISBN: 9789698261566) at retailers like: Allied Book KitaabNow Daraz.pk Pak Online Books Community medicine : Iliyas, Mohammed - Internet Archive
A standout feature of the new 8th edition Public Health and Community Medicine
(by Shah, Ilyas, Ansari, and Irfanullah) is its extensive update to reflect a decade of changes in regional and global public health. ResearchGate Key features of this latest edition include: Comprehensive Coverage
: Includes core topics like epidemiology, environmental health, healthcare systems, and socio-economic aspects of health. Practical Emphasis
: Focuses on evidence-based approaches and real-world case studies to improve community well-being. Modern Formatting
: The latest version (published around 2022) is often available in a color newspaper format for better readability. Academic Resource
: It remains a primary reference for both undergraduate medical students and public health professionals in Pakistan. ResearchGate You can find the physical book at retailers like Al Kitab Books Allied Book PDF download link (PDF) Public Health and Community Medicine - ResearchGate
This guide outlines how to utilize the 8th edition Public Health and Community Medicine Shah, Ilyas, and Ansari
, which remains a primary reference for MBBS students in Pakistan. ResearchGate Book Overview & Specifications
The latest version (8th Edition) is a comprehensive 1,016-page textbook updated to reflect current regional and global public health changes. ResearchGate
Late Prof. Mohammad Ilyas, Shah, Ansari, and Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui. Publisher: Time Traders / Time Publishers. Availability: Frequently found at medical retailers like Pak Online Books BooksPlus Pakistan Fareed Book Centre Core Content & High-Yield Topics
The book covers foundational and clinical aspects of community medicine across several key modules: CMH Lahore Medical College Community Medicine 2021-2022 - CMH Lahore Medical College
The 8th edition (2024) of "Public Health and Community Medicine" by Ilyas and Ansari remains a cornerstone textbook for medical students and public health professionals in South Asia. Often searched as "ilyas ansari community medicine pdf new," this latest version provides critical updates on global health indicators, emerging infectious diseases, and modernized healthcare systems. Key Features of the 8th Edition (2024)
Comprehensive Scope: Spanning over 1,016 pages, the book covers everything from basic epidemiological principles to advanced health management strategies.
Updated Data: Includes the most recent statistics on disease prevalence, immunization rates, and maternal/child health indicators.
Modular Learning: Aligns with current medical curricula, featuring system-based modules like statistical application, environmental health, and behavioral modification.
Local Relevance: While maintaining global standards, the text emphasizes regional health issues specific to Pakistan and India, making it an essential resource for undergraduate exams like the NEET PG and MBBS university finals. Core Topics Covered
The textbook is structured to guide students through the complexities of preventive and social medicine: (PDF) Public Health and Community Medicine - ResearchGate Disclaimer: This article does not host or provide
Public Health and Community Medicine (8th Edition), authored by Shah, Ilyas, and Ansari
, is a standard textbook for medical students, especially those pursuing MBBS in Pakistan. The latest edition is edited by Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui
and incorporates significant updates reflecting changes in global and regional public health over the last decade. ResearchGate Core Textbook Details Full Title: Public Health and Community Medicine Latest Edition: 8th Edition Primary Authors: Late Prof. Mohammad Ilyas, Shah, and Ansari Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui
Typically available in print (color newspaper format) and as digital study guides. Key Subjects & Curriculum Coverage
The textbook aligns with modern medical curricula, such as those from the University of Health Sciences (UHS) , and covers these essential domains: CMH Lahore Medical College Community Medicine Study Guide for MBBS | PDF - Scribd
Community Medicine Study Guide for MBBS * Vision and Mission of KGMC. * Curriculum Committee KGMC. * Outcomes of the Curriculum. *
Public Health And Community Medicine 8th Edition By Irfanullah
The Significance of Community Medicine: An Exploration through Ilyas Ansari's Perspectives
Community medicine, a vital branch of medical science, focuses on the health care of communities and populations rather than individual patients. It encompasses the study and practice of health care in communities, emphasizing prevention, promotion, and treatment of diseases within the context of the community. Ilyas Ansari, a notable figure in the field of community medicine, has contributed significantly through his work, including his book on community medicine in PDF format, which has become a resource for students, researchers, and practitioners alike. This essay aims to explore the importance of community medicine through Ilyas Ansari's perspectives, highlighting its role, challenges, and future directions.
The Role of Community Medicine
Community medicine plays a pivotal role in health care systems worldwide. According to Ilyas Ansari, community medicine is not just about providing health care services to communities but also about understanding the socio-economic, environmental, and cultural factors that affect health. It involves a comprehensive approach that includes health education, preventive measures, curative services, and rehabilitation. Ansari emphasizes that community medicine aims to reduce health disparities and improve the overall quality of life by addressing the health needs of communities.
Key Principles and Practices
Ilyas Ansari's work on community medicine underscores several key principles and practices. Firstly, it highlights the importance of epidemiology, the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events, diseases, or health-related characteristics among populations. This is crucial for understanding the health status of communities and planning appropriate interventions. Secondly, Ansari stresses the need for community participation and engagement in health care. Community medicine involves working closely with communities to understand their health needs, mobilize resources, and implement health programs that are culturally sensitive and effective.
Challenges in Community Medicine
Despite its importance, community medicine faces several challenges. One of the significant challenges is the disparity in health care access and quality, particularly in low-resource settings. Ilyas Ansari points out that inadequate infrastructure, shortage of trained health professionals, and limited resources hinder the delivery of comprehensive community medicine services. Additionally, the complexity of addressing socio-economic determinants of health, such as poverty, education, and housing, presents a considerable challenge. Ansari's work emphasizes the need for policy interventions, increased funding, and innovative strategies to overcome these challenges.
Future Directions
The future of community medicine, as envisioned by Ilyas Ansari, involves integrating technology and innovation into practice. The use of digital health technologies, such as telemedicine, health information systems, and mobile health applications, can enhance the delivery of community medicine services. Furthermore, Ansari advocates for a stronger emphasis on research and evidence-based practice to inform policy and program development. Strengthening health systems, building a competent workforce, and fostering community engagement are critical for advancing community medicine.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Ilyas Ansari's contributions to community medicine, accessible through his PDF resources, underscore the significance of this field in promoting health equity and addressing the health needs of communities. Community medicine's comprehensive approach to health care, focusing on prevention, promotion, and treatment within the community context, is crucial for improving health outcomes and quality of life. Despite challenges, the future of community medicine holds promise with the integration of technology, emphasis on evidence-based practice, and commitment to addressing health disparities. As the world continues to grapple with health challenges, the perspectives and insights from Ilyas Ansari on community medicine serve as a valuable resource for guiding policies, practices, and research towards creating healthier communities.
Report: "Ilyas Ansari Community Medicine PDF New"
Introduction
The search term "Ilyas Ansari Community Medicine PDF New" suggests that the user is looking for a downloadable PDF version of a community medicine textbook written or edited by Ilyas Ansari. Community medicine, also known as preventive medicine or public health, is a branch of medicine that focuses on the health of communities and populations.
Background
Ilyas Ansari is likely a medical professional with expertise in community medicine. However, without more information, it is difficult to determine his specific credentials or the exact title of the textbook.
Objectives
The objective of this report is to provide an overview of community medicine and its importance, as well as to explore possible sources for the PDF version of Ilyas Ansari's community medicine textbook.
Importance of Community Medicine
Community medicine plays a vital role in promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life. It involves the application of medical knowledge and skills to the health of communities and populations. Community medicine professionals work to identify and address health disparities, develop and implement health policies, and provide healthcare services to underserved populations.
Key Areas of Community Medicine
Some of the key areas of community medicine include:
Possible Sources for the PDF
There are several possible sources for the PDF version of Ilyas Ansari's community medicine textbook:
Conclusion
The search term "Ilyas Ansari Community Medicine PDF New" highlights the importance of community medicine and the need for accessible educational resources. While it was not possible to locate the exact PDF version of Ilyas Ansari's textbook, there are several possible sources that may have the PDF version available for download. Further research and investigation are needed to identify the exact source of the PDF.
Recommendations
To access the PDF version of Ilyas Ansari's community medicine textbook, the following steps can be taken:
The surge in searches for "Ilyas Ansari Community Medicine PDF new free download" raises an important point. While it is tempting to get the resource for free, remember:
If you cannot afford the book, look for legal academic sharing platforms (e.g., being a reviewer for the author, or using college institutional access).
Instead of wasting 3 hours searching for a ghost PDF, use these options:
# Herunterladen des Images (siehe Xubuntu: bionic‑release) und Hashwerte:
wget cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/xubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso
wget cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/bionic/release/SHA256SUMS
# Überprüfen des heruntergeladenen Images:
sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS 2>&1 | grep OK
# -> bionic-desktop-amd64.iso: OK
# Herausfinden des Devices zum USB-Stick (hier: sdf):
sudo fdisk -l
# Bootbares Kopieren des Images auf den Stick:
sudo dd if=path/bionic-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdf
Bei Reboot bootet der Rechner entweder direkt, oder er muss
nach Änderung im BIOS (zumeist über Drücken
von Del oder F?? direkt nach dem Einschalten)
als erstes auf die Bootliste
(Reihenfolge der bootenden Devices) gesetzt werden.
Nach Auswahl der Option Install
(bzw. des Live‑Tests
mit anschließendem Anklicken
des Install‑Icons) startet
der graphische Installer.
# Editieren der Konfiguration unter der Grub‑Distribution:
sudo vi /boot/grub/grub.cfg # Verlassen mit ":wq!", da die Datei readonly ist (d.h. besitzt nur Leserechte)!
# Neuinstallation von grub, wenn dieser überschrieben wurde (nur von Grub‑Distro aus möglich):
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
# Automatisches Erzeugen einer neuen Grub-Konfiguration (ggf. besser eine selbst erstellte anpassen):
sudo update-grub # bzw.: "sudo update-grub2"
# Markieren der gewählten Distro durch ein FS-Label:
sudo tune2fs /dev/sda10 -L "Xubun_Xenial_GRB"
# Infos zum FS-Eintrag (UUID, Label etc.):
sudo blkid # -> <Label_GRB> + <UUID_GRB>
# Eintragen des Mountpoints /grb auf allen anderen Distros und diesen erzeugen:
sudo vi /etc/fstab -> Einfügen der Zeile (mit "UUID=<UUID_GRB>"):
UUID=da330e23-dae1-4fed-a7a9-7d704e376aa5 /grb ext4 noauto,user,exec,suid,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
sudo mkdir /grb # -> Nach Mounten des frisch angelegten Mountpoints ist hier nun die Grub-Distro eingeklinkt:
mount /grb
sudo vi /grb/boot/grub/grub.cfg # Verlassen mit ":wq!", da die Datei readonly ist (d.h. besitzt nur Leserechte)!
sudo cp -p /grb/boot/grub/grub.cfg /grb/boot/grub/grub_v00.cfg # Sicherungskopie mit Versionsnummer!
Ein Beispiel der grub2-Konfig ist auf der 📂Konfigurations-Dateien-Seite: Xubuntu im Abschnitt /boot/grub/grub.cfg zu finden.
# synaptic ist nicht vorinstalliert und wird nun mit `Quick filter' installiert:
sudo apt install synaptic apt-xapian-index
sudo update-apt-xapian-index -vf
# Danach kann der GUI-Paketmanager aufgerufen werden
# (über: >>alias myupdate='sudo synaptic'<<):
myupdate # Auswählen zum Deinstallieren: vim-tiny, update-manager-core {dies deinstalliert auch:
# flashashplugin-installer, ttf-mscorefonts-installer und update-notifier-common}
# Neue Paketlisten, Update all, danach zusätzlich selektiv:
# Auswahl zum Installieren: vim + vim-doc + vim-ctrlp + vim-scripts + vim-latexsuite, csh, tcsh, sash, ksh, zsh, ...
# xpaint, kolourpaint, gdisk, disktype, xfce4-goodies, xfwm4-themes, xpenguins, xsnow, ...
# lsb-core, libfreeimage3, shutter, xscreensaver [inkl. extras and gl-part], cdtool, a2ps, eog (+ plugins), ...
# rocksndiamonds (da hier Installation abgebrochen wird zum Nachfragen), mp3info, easytag, ...
# mp3diags, mp3check, okular, evince, mupdf, htop, conky-all, lm-sensors, hddtemp, smartmontools, ...
# ispell, ibritish, iogerman, ingerman, detox, xsane, zoomer, gdisk, disktype, scrounge-ntfs, ...
# Ausführen lassen ...
# Generell nach größeren Updates das System bereinigen
# (über: >>alias myaptclr='sudo apt-get clean; sync; echo " * 1 - clean - done"; sudo apt-get autoclean; sync; echo " * 2 - autoclean - done"; sudo apt-get autoremove --purge; sync; echo " * 3 - autoremove - done"; sudo dpkg --configure --pending; sync; echo " * 4 - configure-pending - done (in case: >dpkg-reconfigure package<)"'<<):
myaptclr
Nun einen Reboot, um z.B. auch sicher zu stellen,
dass das Desktop Environment bzw. der Windowmanager
(z.B. KDE oder XFCE) in vollem Funktionsumfang
zur Verfügung steht.
# 0) Abfrage der KDE Desktop Plasma-version:
KDE-Symbol (links oben/unten) – Applications – System – Info Center
# Z.B. 5.20.3 - KDE Neon (auf 20.04), 5.19.5 - Kubuntu 20.10 STS `Groovy',
5.18.5 - Kubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal, 5.12.9 - Kubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic
Konsole (d.h. im Prompt einer Shell/CLI):
plasmashell --version # z.B. plasmashell 5.20.2
kf5-config --version # z.B. Qt: 5.15.0 & KDE Frameworks: 5.75.0 & kf5-config: 1.0
...
# 1) KDE-Einstellung (d.h. DE):
KDE-Symbol (links oben/unten) – Computer – System Settings –
unter Appearance:
– Fonts, Force font dpi: 170 (bei 4k 28|31" - 92 Default zu klein);
– Icons – Breeze (notgedrungen lassen, da Humanity kein `Edit' hat)
– Cursors – get new Cursors: 1) Oxygen 02 Vibrant Orange; 2) Oxygen 05 Vibrant Red [Default]
unter Workspace: Window Management – Focus-Reiter:
– Windows activity policy: Focus Follow Mous {auswählen} – Apply {rechts unten}, Delay focus by [300 ms] Default lassen,
Focus stealing prevention: [Low] Default lassen, Raising windows: [Rise on hover, delayed by: [750 ms] Default lassen
unter Workspaces: Workplaces Behaviour –
– Screen Locking – deactivate 2x "After ..." – Apply
– Virtual Desktops – Add: ... Anzahl und Benennung der VDs, bei mir 8
unter Workspaces: Startup & Shutdown –
– Desktop Session: Confirm logout + Offer shutdown options + End current session + Restore previous session (4x OK)
unter Personalization: Applications –
– Default Applications – Web Browser ...
# {change the "Open http and https URLs" setting to "in the following application" and choose
# your preferred browser from the dropdown list, then apply the change}
unter Hardware: Audio – Advanced <Reiter> – 1.: ... HDMI off, 2. auf .. IEC958 .. (wenn ebenso der Computer
an einen Verstärker digital optisch mit SPDIF/TOSLINK angeschlossen wird)
unter Hardware: Power Management – Endergy Saving: Screen Energy Saving off/empty
# Ort des KDE-Panels (aka Task Bar) einstellen:
right click on panel – edit panel –
– Screen edge – Drag an Drop panel to the desired position (hier: unten -> oben)
# Im Panel angezeigte Uhr einstellen:
Right Click auf die Uhr – Configure Digital Clock –
– Appearance - Information: Show date + Show local time zone (2xOK), Display time zone as: Time zone code (OK)
– Calender: General: Show week number (OK), Available Plugins: Astronomical Events (OK)
# Hinzufügen von beliebigen Programmen in die Favorites:
# -> Auf einem KDE-Menüpunkt, das das Programm aufrufen würde, right mouse click – add to favorites.
...
# 2) Konsolenaufruf und -einstellung:
KDE-Symbol – Favorites – Konsole
in Konsole: Settings –
– Manage profiles: [New Profile] -> JMB - [Set as Default] - Apply - OK
– Switch Profile – JMB
– Edit Current Profile –
[General]: JMB, "/bin/bash -l" {login shell neccessary}, /home/jmb {Dafault OK}, 80 columns x 22 rows {for 3x3@4k};
[Appearance]: Color scheme & fonts: Black on Light Yellow – New – Edit – auf Farbe und helles braun mischen ... – Apply – OK
[Appearance]: Cursor – Color – Custom cursor color – orange (helles rot: #ff5500) – Apply – OK
[Advanced] – Custom cursor color: orange (helles rot) – Apply – OK
[Mouse] – Characters condidered part of a word when double clicking: ":@-./_~?&=%+#" -(2 raus : / )-> "@-._~?&=%+#" – Apply – OK
– Configure Konsole –
– General: Show menubar by default = off {<Strg>+<Shift>+<M>: toggle on/of menu bar in each console}
...
# 3) Einstellung ausgesuchter KDE-Programme:
# a) Okular:
KDE-Icon – Applications – Graphics – Okular {zum Aufruf; CLI: 'okular'}
Menu Bar: Settings –
– Configure Okular – Presentation – Enable Transisitions – Default transistion: Fade
– Configure Toolbar: <okular_part>
# Am besten, man gleicht ab (rein was fehlt, raus was zuviel ist):
# [allgemein werden Dinge von links (Vorrat) nach rechts (aktiv in Toolbar) gezogen, die drin sein sollen,
# rechts von oben <-> unten verschoben für Reihenfolge und ggf. von rechts nach links zum Löschen
# aus der Toolbar – hier nun mein Default in den folgenden 3 Zeilen]:
A| Text Selection – <hand> Browse – --- separator --- – Rotate Left – Rotate Right –
--- expanding spacer --- – Page Number – --- expanding spacer ---
– Fit Width – Fit Page – Zoom In – Zoom – Zoom Out
# Shortcuts von Okular:
# Strg-Pos1: goto begin document – Strg-Ende: goto end document – Strg-G: goto ...
# Alt-Shift-Left: going back – Alt-Shift-right: going forward
# Strg-M: Show Menu Bar {on <-> off} – F7: Show Sidebar – F6: Annotations
# Strg-Shift-F: Fullscreen – Strg-Shift-P: Presentation {quit by e.g. pressing Esc}
# b) kcalc
KDE-Icon – Applications – Utilities – KCalc {zum Aufruf; CLI: 'kcalc'}
Menu Bar: Settings –
– Science Mode + Constants Buttons (2x OK)
Menu Bar: Constants – Konstanten [maths:] pi, e; [electromag.:] c, e; [atom.-nucl.:] h und [thermodyn.:] k auswählen
– Configure KCalc – Colors {z.B. Foreground: Orange (#FFAA00); Background: Dunkelgrau (#545454)}
...
![[Screenshot XFCE mit Whisker und Settings Menu]](https://jmb-edu.de/images/XFCE_Whisker_Menu_und_Settings.gif)
Whisker/XFCE-Menu – All Settings (Settings) –
– [Personal] – Appearance – Fonts – DPI: 116
[Default: 96, für 28"@4k: 170 dpi, dafür
xterm – Edit-Preferences – Appearance – Font: DejaVu Sans Mono 10]
– – Window Manager:
Style – Theme: Gorilla|Retro|Fbx|TUX (vorinstalliert: Greybird bzw. Daloa)
Style – Button layou – active: links: Menu –
rechts: Minimize (Hide), Maximize, Close
(d.h. Shade in Hidden, wo bereits Stick liegt)
Focus: mode – focus follows mouse; new window focus – _NOT_ automatically
Delay before receives focus – Regler unter _r_, also ca. bei 1/3
Delay before raising focussed window – Regler unter _r_aising, d.h. 1/5
give focus to newly created windows
+ Anfang Delay-Balken unter Anfang "receives" – sonst zu schneller Wechsel
Advanced – Windows snapping – Snap windows to screen border (Def. OK) ->
Distance – Schieber nur wenige Pixel über kleinstem Small !!!
– – Desktop – Icons – Haken raus vor Home/Filesystem/Trash/RemovableDisks
– [Hardware] – Mouse and Touchpad
– Theme – redglass & Cursor size: 39
– Devices – Pointer Speed:Acceleration: 7,0 [4k]
– – Power Manager – system – suspend – never
– display – switch off after – never
– – Removable Drives and Media
– Storage – alle Haken weg (kein Mounten/Browsing)
– Multimedia – alle Haken weg (kein Auto-Playing)
– [Personal] -
– Workplaces – 4 (Default: 1)
– Panel – Row Size (pixels): 24 (Default – ggf. später erhöhen; 4k: 38),
#rows 1 (Def.; 2?) Length 100% ist OK!
– Items: ans Ende: Workplace Switcher & Action Buttons;
Power Management raus [bei Problemen mit Indicator ggf. hier erst
löschen, dann wieder aufnehmen]
-> zudem Zahnrad bei aktivem Seperator zwischen Window Buttons und
Notification Area – Expand (hook)
[sonst sind rechte Felder nicht am rechten Rand]
=> Whisker – Seperator – Places – Window Buttons – Seperator_expand
– Notofication Area – Indicator Plugin – Seperator – Clock –
Workplace Switcher – Seperator – Action Buttons
Rechtsklick auf Indicators: hidden geht nicht immer – zur Not Indicators wie
zuvor bei Panel beschrieben löschen und dann wieder mit + hinzufügen,
Message Inficator bei Hide Haken, Reboot, und dann sollte es richtig sein
(sonst ggf. durch Thundebird und Message Indicator zwei Briefumschläge –
sieht eher schlecht aus ...).
Indicator soll Lautsprecher enthalten – wenn die plötzlich weg sind wie
oben unter Panel beschrieben Indicator löschen und neu rein, hidden bei
Messages.
Soundkonfiguration richtig einstellen:
Linksklick auf Lautsprechersymbol – "Volume Control"-Windows
– Soundsettings – Configuration – 2nd Buil-in Audio: Off, 1st –
Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output
(früher?: – Output Devices – Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI) Port:
HDMI/DisplayPort (plugged in)
-> grüner Kreis mit Haken: als Fallback; Schloss: alle Kanäle mit Regler!)
Rechtsklick auf Action Button "JMB":
-> Lock Screen (– Switch User) – Log Out ... – Separator
– Restart – Shutdown (– Separator)
Rechtsklick auf Uhr in oberer Taskleiste; Clock Options – Format –
Custom Format: %0k:%M %0e.%m.%Y (%u-%V) => "13:55 28.01.2012 (6-04)"
(Default: %d %b, %H:%M),
Wenn Sekunden nicht nerven geht auch:
Custom Format: %0k:%M:%S %0e.%m.%Y (%u-%V) => "13:55:33 28.01.2012 (6-04)"
{6 = Sa., 04 ist KW} -> man date; date +%0k:%M:%S\ %0e.%m.%Y\ \(%u-%V\)
[Default Ubuntu 12.04: %A %d %B %Y/%V + %a, %d %b %H:%M]
Für Windows-Like: neben Whisker-Menu noch Places ... hier kann auch etwas
konfiguriert werden (spezielle wichtige Orte)
For Xubuntu setting Panel settings (colors, position, etc.)
Window Manager Theme: Daloa -> oder doch Gorilla !!!
sudo cp <Pfad_zu_Wallpapern>/* /usr/share/xfce4/backdrops/
Rechte Seite des XFCE-Panels:
Mail-Icon und Netzwerk-Icon,
Pulse Audio Plugin (external);
Clock [Uhr] mit obigem Custom Format;
Workplace Switcher [3 Workplaces, 3. ist unbenutzt] und
Action Buttons"(external):
Whisker/XFCE-Menu – Accessories – Terminal Emulation (zum Starten)
Click mit rechter Maustaste – im Menü `Preferences' aussuchen
– General [1. Reiter] – [Command] Run command as login shell (an-haken)
– Colors [3. Reiter]:
#000000 (text color: black)
#F2D294 (background color: light yellow)
-> or other bright tone: #E9CCA1, or brown-yellow: #EAB96F
#0F4999 (tab activity color: dark blue)
#CF1017? (cursor color: shining red)
#F48E2A (text selection background: orange)
#000000 (text selection color: black)
#467517 (bold text color: dark green)
– Appearance [2. Reiter] – Font: DejaVu Sans Mono Book 11 (HDTV)
# bei 4k stattdessen: DejaVu Sans Mono Book 10 (bei DPI setting: 170)
– Advanced [5. Reiter] – Double Click:
characters part of a word: -A-Za-z0-9.?%&#:_+@~ (3 raus: ",", "/", "=" – sonst z.B. autom. Pfad)
Default: -A-Za-z0-9,./?%&#:_=+@~
...
myupdate # Neue Paketliste, Update all, dann Auswahl zum Installieren:
# texlive-full, libreoffice, gimp, gnumeric, vlc, smplayer, gmerlin, mpv, xfig, imagemagic, emacs, ...
# rpm, regionset, forensics-all, powermanga, yasm, poc-streamer (mp3cut), eyeD3, k3b, brasero-cdrkit, ...
# flashplugin-nonfree-extras, adobe-flashplugin, transcode, ffmpeg, vamps, lame, get-flash-videos, ...
# frozen-bubble, supertux, supertuxkart, extremetuxracer, gnome-nibbles, open-invaders, ninvaders, ...
# xtron, gltron, pacman, njam, xinv3d, snowballz, gnome-chess, gnome-mastermind, tuxmath, unace, ...
# rar, unrar, p7zip-rar, p7zip, zip, unzip, sharutils, uudeview, mpack, arj, cabextract, ...
# file-roller, xarchiver, c, flake; pdfshuffler, pdfsam, pdftk; sox, wine, filezilla; tilp2, tiemu; ...
# stellarium, kstars + kstars-data-extre-tycho2, calibre, amarok, audacity, gfortran, ...
# fp-compiler (fp-ide, fp-doc, fp-units*, fpc +), gnuplot, maxima, galculator, wcalc, kcalc, scrot, ...
# firmware(?), screen, sketch, icedtea-8-plugin, ...
# Ausführen lassen ...
# Generell nach größeren Updates das System bereinigen (s.o.):
myaptclr
...
# ** Installieren von lpr und CUPS‑Wrapper nach EINSCHALTEN mit aktiver (USB- etc.) Verbindung (DCP-L8410CDW):
sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcpl8410cdwlpr-1.2.0-0.i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcpl8410cdwcupswrapper-1.3.0-0.i386.deb
# * Wurde das Einschalten vergessen, erst Pakete wieder löschen:
sudo dpkg -P dcpl8410cdwcupswrapper; sudo dpkg -P dcpl8410cdwlpr
# ... und dann wie zuvor nach Einschalten installieren (analog bei DCP-7055).
# –* Überprüfen der Installation (DCP-L8410CDW):
dpkg -l | grep Brother
ii dcpl8410cdwcupswrapper:i386 1.3.0-0 i386 Brother CUPS Laser Printer Driver
ii dcpl8410cdwlpr:i386 1.2.0-0 i386 Brother lpr Laser Printer Driver
# ** Installieren von lpr und CUPS-Wrapper (DCP-7055):
sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcp7055lpr-2.1.0-1.i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all cupswrapperDCP7055-2.0.4-2.i386.deb
# –* Überprüfen der Installation (DCP-7055):
dpkg -l | grep Brother
ii cupswrapperdcp7055:i386 2.0.4-2 i386 Brother DCP7055 CUPS wrapper driver
ii dcp7055lpr:i386 2.1.0-1 i386 Brother DCP-7055 LPR driver
# Ubuntu 18.04 findet den Drucker ansonsten automatisch und installiert (DCP-7055):
ii printer-driver-brlaser 4-1 amd64 printer driver for (some) Brother laser printers
ii printer-driver-ptouch 1.4.2-3 amd64 printer driver Brother P-touch label printers
# ... wobei beides funktioniert - kein Unterschied in der Qualität.
# Dennoch ggf. sinnvoll, nicht zu viele Drucker zu sehen und damit dies zu deinstallieren:
sudo dpkg -P printer-driver-brlaser
sudo dpkg -P printer-driver-ptouch
# ... das Löschen der zugehörigen CUPS-Drucker-Schlange wird im nächsten Abschnitt gezeigt.
# –* Test über das lokale CUPS-Web-Interface: http://localhost:631/printers
# (Klick auf Drucker-Name: `usb://Brother/DCP-7055?serial=???????????????' wenn OK, ohne Verbindung: `usb:/dev/usb/lp0').
# ** Installieren des Scanner-Treibers (DCP-L8410CDW & DCP-7055):
sudo dpkg -i --force-all brscan4-0.4.5-1.amd64.deb
# -* Überprüfen der Installation:
dpkg -l | grep Brother
ii brscan4 0.4.5-1 amd64 Brother Scanner Driver
# –* Bekanntmachen des Scanners (DCP-L8410CDW & DCP-7055):
sudo vi /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libsane.rules
# (vor 19.04 60-libsane1.rules, nun ohne '1')
-> Einfügen vor # The following rule will disable
Wenn ein "LABEL="libsane_rules_end"" existiert, die folgenden beiden Zeilen vor dieser Marke einfügen:
# Brother scanners
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04f9", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"
# *- Installieren des Scanner-Settings-Datei (DCP-L8410CDW):
sudo dpkg -i brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.2-0.all.deb
# –* Feedback zu Fehler unter Xubuntu 18.04 an Brother geschickt:
# "ls: cannot access '/etc/udev/rules.d/*.rules': No such file or directory"
# –* Ggf. bei Problemen als Administrator beim CUPS-Web-Interface:
sudo vi /etc/group # `lp:x:7:user', d.h. `user' ergänzen
# –* Ändern von falschen Defaults in CUPS:
sudo vi /etc/cups/ppd/DCPL8410CDW.ppd # (DCPL8410CDW ist durch den jeweiligen Druckernamen zu ersetzen)
# z.B. DefaultPageSize + DefaultPageRegion + DefaultImageableArea + DefaultPaperDimension: A4 (statt letter),
# DefaultBRMonoColor auf Mono (statt Auto), DefaultBRBrightness auf 20 (statt 0),
# DefaultDuplex auf DuplexNoTumble (d.h. Long-Edge_Binding – statt None)
# –* Workaround bei Fehler "`brother4:bus2;dev5`: invalid argument" (bei mir unter Xubuntu 18.04 LTS nötig):
alias xsane='cd /dev/bus/usb; sudo chmod -R guo+rw *; sync;sync;sync; cd -; /usr/bin/xsane'
# Dieser einfache `alias' ist praktischer als ein Wrapper-Script mit suid zum Aufruf von xsane!
# ** Alternatives Vorgehen Treiberinstallation & CUPS-Defaults für DCP-L8410CDW (nach Empfehlung des Brother-Supports – ändert aber nichts):
# * Wer will kann ein FW-Update machen (laut Support nicht system-kritisch):
# Drucker braucht (zumindest temporär) Netzwerkanschluss, dann im Bedienfeld-Menü:
Alle Einstellungen / Geräte Info / Firmware Update
# * Installation des Druckertreibers über das Brother-Script:
#Download von Brothers Driver Install Tool (Linux Script):
gunzip linux-brprinter-installer-*.*.*-*.gz
sudo su
# Den Aufrufparameter des Scripts von `DCP-L8410CDW' ins eigene Brother-Modell abändern:
bash linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.1-1 DCP-L8410CDW
# -> quasi alles mit `y' durchnicken, aber bei USB-Anschluss bei `"Will you specify the DeviceURI ?" einmal `n' eingeben.
# * Einstellungen der Defaults in CUPS (mindestens für das Papierformat nötig, das per Default "Letter" ausweist):
# Aufruf der lokalen CUPS-Seite, dann:
# Über Reiter "Printers" den Drucker auswählen (Click auf Namen, z.B.: DCPL8410CDW),
# In "Administration" (drow-down Menü): "Set Default Options" auswählen und dann umändern:
# Media Size: "A4",
# Two-Sided: "Long-Edge Binding" {= DuplexNoTumble},
# Color / Mono: "Mono" {Farbe wähle ich gezielt mit "Auto" aus},
# Brightness: "20" {für Farbdrucke "10" – bzw. sehr gute mit "5"}.
# und für Scanner Brother-`Vendor String' bekannt geben:
sudo vi /lib/udev/rules.d/60-libsane.rules
# am Ende der Liste, vor "LABEL="libsane_rules_end"" die beiden Zeilen einfügen:
# Brother scanners
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04f9", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"
🖨️)
Ich kann unter GNU/Linux aus eigener Anschauung nur Brother empfehlen.
Vielfach gibt es freie Treiber, wie oben angedeutet, der Hersteller selbst
hat zudem immer eigene (wenn auch leider proprietäre)
mit vollem Funktionsumfang zur Verfügung gestellt.
Da können und sollten sich andere Hersteller ein Beispiel nehmen.
# ** Ausgabe der zur Verfügung stehenden Drucker‑Schlangen:
lpstat -p
# * Status der Drucker-Schlange DCP-7055 (nach Treiber-Löschung `printer-driver-brlaser'; siehe Brother-Treiber-Installation):
lpstat -p DCP-7055 -l
printer DCP-7055 is idle. enabled since Mi 08 Aug 2018 01:02:20 CEST
File "/usr/lib/cups/filter/rastertobrlaser" not available: No such file or directory
# * Löschen der Drucker-Schlange DCP-7055:
lpadmin -x DCP-7055
# * Status der Drucker-Schlange DCP-7055 (nach Queue-Löschung):
lpstat -p DCP-7055 -l
Invalid destination name in list "DCP-7055".
# * Ausgabe der Standard Drucker-Schlange:
lpstat -d
system default destination: DCP-7055
# * Setzen/Änderung der Default/Standard Drucker-Schlange:
lpadmin -d DCPL8410CDW
# * Überprüfen des neuen Drucker-Defaults:
lpstat -d
system default destination: DCPL8410CDW
# * Ausgabe der Optionen der Default/Standard Drucker-Schlange:
lpoptions
# * Umbenennen einer Drucker-Schlange (*** Vorsicht ***, kann Probleme geben!):
sudo vi /etc/cups/printers.conf
# -> Suche nach `<Printer' bzw. `<DefaultPrinter' und Änderung der Namen:
# DCP7055 -> DCP-7055; DCPL8410CDW -> DCP-L8410CDW.
# - Neustart CUPS:
sudo systemctl restart cups.service
# ** Ausgabe der Informationen aller Drucker-Schlangen:
lpstat -t
scheduler is running
system default destination: DCP-L8410CDW
device for DCP-7055: usb://Brother/DCP-7055?serial=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
device for DCP-L8410CDW: usb://Brother/DCP-L8410CDW%20series?serial=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
DCP-7055 accepting requests since So 25 Mär 2018 23:10:55 CEST
DCP-L8410CDW accepting requests since So 27 Mai 2018 23:41:01 CEST
printer DCP-7055 is idle. enabled since So 25 Mär 2018 23:10:55 CEST
printer DCP-L8410CDW is idle. enabled since So 27 Mai 2018 23:41:01 CEST
# Setzen von UUID und Label für ein ext4‑Dateisystem:
sudo tune2fs /dev/sda13 -U "<new-uuid-number>" -L "Nettes_LABELaa"
# Überprüfen des Ergebnisses:
sudo blkid
# *** Umgang mit USB-Stick ***
# USB-Stick in freien (und möglichst schnellen) Port einstecken, dann:
sudo fdisk -l # die ersten beiden Ausgabezeilen könnten lauten:
Disk /dev/sdf: 239 GiB, 256641603584 bytes, 501253132 sectors
Disk model: Flash Drive
# ... zumeist wir er unter /dev/sdf eingebunden, mit 1. und häufig einziger Parition /dev/sdf1.
# Will man dies leicht mounten, muss ein Mountpoint und ein Eintrag in fstab erstellt werden:
sudo mkdir /stick # 1. Windows-Austausch-Partition
sudo mkdir /stick2 # 2. Windows-Austausch-Partition
sudo mkdir /usbhdd1 # 1. Linux-Austausch-Partition (auch Stick)
sudo mkdir /usbhdd2 # 2. Linux-Austausch-Partition (USB-HDD)
sudo vi /etc/fstab # hier hinzufügen:
/dev/sdf1 /stick vfat noauto,user,exec,suid 0 0
/dev/sdf5 /stick2 vfat noauto,user,exec,suid 0 0
/dev/sdf6 /usbhdd1 ext4 noauto,user,exec,suid,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
/dev/sdf7 /usbhdd2 ext4 noauto,user,exec,suid,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
# Ab 128 GB habe ich mehrere Partitionen verwendet - inkl. ext4 für Dateigrößen > 2 GB;
# hier das Layout für 256 GB Sticks:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf bs=512 count=13 # MBR überschreiben – zur Sicherheit
sudo fdisk /dev/sdf # Vorsicht: nicht sdf1
# p - keine Ausgabe da noch leer, n - p - 1 - Enter (primary 1 ganzer Stick), Enter (Start),
# +64G, t - c (W95 FAT32) => sdf1 (1. Windows-Austauschpartition!)
# p - OK: "/dev/sdf1 1 1015 2013729 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)",
# n - e - 3× Enter => sdf2 als extended,
# n - 1× Enter - +48G, t, 5, c, => sdf5 (2. Windows-Austauschpartition!)
# n - 2× Enter => sdf6 (1. Linux-Austauschpartition!)
# w - schreiben!
sudo fdisk -l # nun OK
sudo mkfs.msdos -v /dev/sdf1 # VFAT auf 1. W.-A.-Partition anlegen
sudo mkfs.msdos -v /dev/sdf5 # VFAT auf 2. W.-A.-Partition anlegen
sudo fatlabel /dev/sdf1 JMBBCK01 # FAT-Label vergeben
sudo fatlabel /dev/sdf5 JMBBCK02 # FAT-Label vergeben
sudo mkfs.ext4 -L LinXHUS1 /dev/sdf6 # ext4 auf 1. L.-A.-Partition anlegen
sync # ... danach Stick raus ... ist fertig. :))
# Testmount/-unmount: # ... nach Wiedereinstecken ... ;)
mount /stick
cd /stick
df -k . # ... sollte fast alles frei sein ...
umount /stick # ... bitte immer alle gemounteten Partitionen unmounten – dann erst Stick ziehen.
# Backup (hier 9. Partition der 1. Festplatte, auf der sich Bionic befindet):
dd if=/dev/sda9 bs=64k | gzip -c > /usbhdd1/bck_machine1/Full_Backup_2018_Step1/Xubuntu_18_04_LTS_Bionic_Beaver_machine1_sda9_20180405234148.dd.gz
# Restore (hier das vorige Backup z.B. nach Datenverlust/Fehlkonfiguration/Updateproblemen zurück):
cat /usbhdd1/bck_machine1/Full_Backup_2018_Step1/Xubuntu_18_04_LTS_Bionic_Beaver_machine1_sda9_20180405234148.dd.gz | gzip -d | dd of=/dev/sda9 bs=64k
Beide Befehle sind unter root auszuführen,
wobei ich den Pfad und die Sicherungsdatei komplett dargestellt habe,
um nicht zu verwirren und dennoch die Informationen zu zeigen, die doch
immer wieder gebraucht werden.
Das Backup wurde am 05.04.2018 um 23:41:48 Uhr erstellt Format:
YYYYMMDDHHMMSS), der Rechner ist
angegeben (damit das Backup auf die selbe Maschine
zurückgespielt wird;
bzw. man bewusst das System des einen Rechners auf
einen anderen Rechner klonen kann – wobei die Zielpartition
größer als oder gleich groß wie
die Quellpartition sein muss, damit das Dateisystem
nicht beschädigt wird und das System auch gemountet
werden kann und bootet),
ebenfalls mit sda9 die Bezeichnung
der Partition
(noch verwende ich als Standardgröße 39 GB –
ein Umbau auf 72 GB ist allerdings dieses Jahr noch geplant),
.dd zum Erkennen als Dump,
.gz zur Identifikation
des Packprogramms für das Image.
# Zum Superuser (root) werden wegen komplizierterer Befehls-Struktur (sonst nur sudo mit Befehl):
sudo su - # Der aktuelle User wird Superuser, wobei die Login-Umgebung hergestellt wird.
# Überprüfen des aktuellen Users:
id # Dies liefert nun: >>uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)<<
# Backup mit tar und automatisches Rückspielen auf USB-Platte:
tar cf - /home2/ | (cd /usbhdd2/machine/home2; tar xvf -)
# Restore der Sicherung von USB-Platte auf neue Platte:
tar cf - /usbhdd2/machine/home2 | (cd /home2; tar xvf -)
# Ggf. mit `mv' zum Verschieben und `rmdir' zum Löschen von Verzeichnissen die Struktur wieder wie gewünscht anpassen.
# Verlassen der Superuser-Umgebung (nie vergessen!!!):
exit
# Formatieren einer Partition (hier sda10) mit ext4 und bestimmtem Label und UUID:
sudo mkfs.ext4 -L "EMPTY_FS" -U "affe0000-0000-6660-0666-000666000000" /dev/sda10
# Neues Setzen von Label und UUID unter Bewahren der Daten:
sudo tune2fs /dev/sda10 -U <new-uuid-number> -L "Nettes_LABELaa"
# Überprüfen von UUID und Label:
sudo blkid
# ** Es folgen ein paar Beschreibungen zum Beseitigen von Paketmanager-Problemen bei Ubuntu/Debian bzw. nervigen Warnmeldungen:
# * 1. * Fehlermeldung von Google Chrome: "Repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release' changed its 'Origin' value from 'Google, Inc.' to 'Google LLC'"
sudo apt update
# `accept explicitly' wird verlangt – d.h. `y' eingeben!
# * 2. * Fehlermeldung von Google Earth: "Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'"
# Zum Hintergrund: System ist 64 bit:
dpkg --print-architecture # liefert dann: "amd64"
# hat allerdings Kompatibilität:
dpkg --print-foreign-architectures # liefert: "i386"
# dann "[arch=amd64]" in sources.list-Eintrag ergänzen:
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-earth-pro.list
deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
# * 3. * Durch neue Installationen gibt es Dateien, die nicht mehr benötigt werden – oder eine abgebrochene Installation ist nicht sauber beendet – etc. => generelle Bereinigung:
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
sudo dpkg --configure --pending
# * ?. * Bei weiteren Problemen nach der Fehlermeldung googeln –
# dies hilft meistens ... ;-)
| Erste Fassung: | 07. | April | 2018 |
| Letzte Änderung: | 01. | Januar | 2026 |