Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed Download -
The year was 2006. Bollywood was ruling the charts with Rang De Basanti and Dhoom 2, but in the world of animation, a different kind of storm was brewing. Blue Sky Studios released Ice Age: The Meltdown (commonly known as Ice Age 2). While the original English version was a hit, the film achieved legendary status in India thanks to its rib-tickling Hindi dubbing.
Even today, search engines see thousands of queries for "Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed Download." Why does this 17-year-old movie still generate so much traffic? Let’s dig into the phenomenon, the voice cast that made it iconic, and the legal ways to watch it.
Ice Age 2 picks up where the first film left off. Manny the Mammoth (Ray Romano in English; Nana Patekar in Hindi), Sid the Sloth (John Leguizamo), and Diego the Saber-Toothed Tiger (Denis Leary) discover that the icy valley they call home is melting. A massive dam is about to break, threatening to flood the entire forest.
The team must lead a herd of mismatched animals to a "boat" at the end of the valley. Along the way, Manny struggles with the existential crisis of being the last mammoth alive—until he meets Ellie, a mammoth who thinks she is a possum. Enter Crash and Eddie, the hyperactive possum brothers who steal the show.
Scrat, the acorn-obsessed squirrel, returns with a subplot involving the pursuit of an acorn that triggers the meltdown, providing physical comedy that transcends language barriers.
| Platform | Availability (as of 2026) | Cost | Remarks | |----------|---------------------------|------|---------| | Disney+ Hotstar | Streaming (both English and Hindi audio tracks) | Included with Hotstar Premium subscription (₹199 / month) | The most reliable source for high‑definition streaming with subtitles. | | Amazon Prime Video India | Rental / purchase (HD, Hindi audio) | Rental: ₹79 ; Purchase: ₹299 | Offers a 48‑hour rental window; purchase grants permanent access. | | Google Play Movies & TV | Purchase (HD, Hindi dub) | ₹299 (one‑time) | Downloadable for offline viewing on Android devices. | | Apple iTunes India | Purchase (HD, Hindi dub) | ₹299 | Downloadable for iOS devices and macOS. | | YouTube Movies | Rental / purchase (HD, Hindi) | Rental: ₹79 ; Purchase: ₹299 | Often bundled with promotional discounts during festive seasons. | | Physical media | DVD/Blu‑ray (Hindi audio) | Approx. ₹500 | Available in major Indian retail chains and online marketplaces (e.g., Flipkart, Amazon India). |
Tip: When you buy or rent from any of these services, you’ll automatically receive the Hindi audio track alongside the original English track—no extra steps required.
Search for "Ice Age 2 Full Movie Hindi" on YouTube. Google/YouTube offers paid rentals. The quality is usually excellent, and you can watch it on any device.
Depending on current licensing agreements, JioCinema frequently rotates Fox kids' content. It is worth checking their free tier.
Hollywood dubbing has come a long way, but Ice Age 2 set the gold standard. While the English dialogue relies on sarcasm and pop-culture references, the Hindi version localized the humor brilliantly.
The Secret Sauce: The Voice Cast
Because of these performances, millions of Indian children grew up assuming these characters were Indian. That emotional connection drives the demand for the download today.
Ice Age 2 is a masterpiece of animated storytelling, and the Hindi version is a cultural gem. The desire to download it for offline viewing is understandable, especially for long train journeys or kids' birthday parties.
But the era of torrents and "filmyzilla" is dead. Modern OTT platforms offer the same file, virus-free, with better audio, for the price of a cup of tea.
So, before you search for "Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed Download" again, open Disney+ Hotstar instead. Watch Manny hilariously try to swim, Sid building a "mud park," and Scrat nearly drowning. Laugh legally. Protect your device. And let the meltdown begin—the right way.
Have you watched the Hindi dubbed version of Ice Age 2? Which scene made you laugh the hardest? Let us know in the comments below (and don't ask for pirate links, we don't share them!).
Ice Age 2: The Thaw Hindi Dubbed Download: A Fun-Filled Animated Adventure
Are you ready for a fun-filled animated adventure with your family? Look no further than Ice Age 2: The Thaw, now available for download in Hindi dubbed. This sequel to the original Ice Age film takes our favorite characters - Manny, Sid, and Diego - on a new journey as they navigate a changing world.
Storyline
The movie picks up where the first film left off, with Manny (voiced by Ray Romano) and Ellie (voiced by Queen Latifah) expecting their first child. However, their happiness is short-lived as a sudden thaw caused by global warming awakens Manny's nemesis, Scrat (voiced by Ben Stiller). Scrat's return sets off a chain reaction, causing widespread destruction and chaos.
Characters
Why Download Ice Age 2: The Thaw Hindi Dubbed?
Where to Download?
You can download Ice Age 2: The Thaw Hindi dubbed from various online platforms, such as:
Conclusion
Ice Age 2: The Thaw Hindi Dubbed Download is a great option for those looking for a fun and entertaining animated film. With its engaging storyline, lovable characters, and stunning animation, this movie is sure to delight audiences of all ages. So, grab some popcorn, sit back, and enjoy this thrilling adventure with your loved ones.
Ice Age 2: The Thaw Hindi Dubbed Download
"Ice Age 2: The Thaw" is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier. The movie is the sequel to the 2002 film "Ice Age" and follows the adventures of Manny, Sid, and Diego as they face a new challenge.
Storyline
The movie takes place after the events of the first film. Manny (voiced by Ray Romano) is adjusting to his new life with Ellie (voiced by Queen Latifah), a female mammoth. However, their peace is short-lived as a sudden warming of the Earth causes the ice age to come to an end, leading to a series of catastrophic events.
Meanwhile, Manny and Ellie try to start a family, but their attempts are thwarted by Manny's overprotectiveness. Sid (voiced by John Leguizamo) and Diego (voiced by Denis Leary) also find themselves in the midst of the chaos, as they try to help their friends and navigate the changing world.
Hindi Dubbed Version
The Hindi dubbed version of "Ice Age 2: The Thaw" is available for download on various platforms. The dubbed version features the same voice cast as the original, but with Hindi voiceovers. The movie has been well-received by Indian audiences, who appreciate the humor and adventure.
Download Options
If you're looking to download the Hindi dubbed version of "Ice Age 2: The Thaw", here are a few options:
Conclusion
"Ice Age 2: The Thaw" is a fun and adventurous movie that's perfect for families and kids. The Hindi dubbed version is a great option for those who prefer to watch movies in their native language. With its positive messages and stunning animation, this movie is sure to entertain audiences of all ages.
For a website or post about the Hindi dubbed version of Ice Age: The Meltdown
, you want a mix of nostalgia and excitement. Here are a few options depending on where you’re posting: Option 1: Catchy & Fun (Best for Social Media)
"The world is melting, and the fun is just heating up! 🔥 Relive the hilarious adventure of Manny, Sid, and Diego in your favorite language. Watch Ice Age 2: The Meltdown
in Hindi and join the herd as they try to survive the flood! 🐘🐯🦥" Option 2: Informative & SEO-Friendly (Best for a Blog/Site) "Looking for Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed
? Experience the 2006 classic where our favorite sub-zero heroes face a new challenge: the end of the Ice Age! This Hindi version brings out the best of Sid’s jokes and Manny’s heart. Get ready for high-quality audio and non-stop family entertainment." Option 3: Short & Direct Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed Download
"Ice Age 2: The Meltdown – Now available in Hindi! ❄️🌊 Don't miss the introduction of Ellie and the chaotic antics of Scrat. Stream or download the Hindi dubbed version today!" A quick heads-up:
If you're looking for a place to download it, make sure to use official streaming platforms like Disney+ Hotstar
to ensure you get the best quality and stay safe from malware!
I can’t help with requests to download or provide links to pirated movies or copyrighted content.
If you want legal options to watch Ice Age 2 (Hindi dubbed), I can:
Which of those would you like?
While many third-party "download" sites are unsafe, you can access the film through these official channels:
Disney+ Hotstar: As of April 2026, the movie is available to stream on JioHotstar and Disney+.
Note: Audio options can vary; check the "Audio & Subtitles" settings in the app to see if Hindi is currently enabled for your region.
Rental/Purchase: You can rent or buy the digital version on the Google Play Store or YouTube Movies.
Physical Media: If you are looking for a collector's item, Hindi VCDs of the film were officially released by Hemantonline. Movie Overview
Hindi Dubbing: The official Hindi version was produced by Sound & Vision India.
Synopsis: Manny the mammoth, Sid the sloth, and Diego the saber-tooth tiger discover that the ice is melting, threatening their valley with a massive flood. During their journey to high ground, Manny meets Ellie, a female mammoth who mistakenly believes she is a possum.
Cast (Original Voice): Ray Romano (Manny), John Leguizamo (Sid), Denis Leary (Diego), and Queen Latifah (Ellie). Safe Streaming Tips
Avoid clicking on "Free Download" links from unknown blogs, as these often contain malware. Stick to platforms like the JioHotstar App or Disney+ which allow for offline viewing (legal downloads) within their official mobile apps.
The availability and cultural impact of the Hindi dubbed version of Ice Age: The Meltdown—commonly referred to in the Indian digital landscape as Ice Age 2—represents a fascinating intersection of global animation and regional localization. While the search for a download link is often the primary driver for internet users, the phenomenon speaks to a broader shift in how international cinema is consumed in South Asia. By translating the prehistoric adventures of Manny, Sid, and Diego into Hindi, the franchise transcended linguistic barriers, making the humor and emotional stakes accessible to a massive, diverse audience that might have otherwise felt alienated by the original English dialogue.
The demand for the Hindi dubbed version of Ice Age 2 is largely fueled by the high quality of the localization effort. Unlike early dubbing projects that focused on literal translation, the Hindi version of this film utilized creative adaptation. Scriptwriters often integrated local slang, cultural references, and rhythmic dialogue that resonated with Indian sensibilities. This was particularly effective for the character of Sid the sloth, whose quirky personality was amplified by voice acting that mirrored the comedic timing found in popular Bollywood cinema. Consequently, for many Indian viewers, the Hindi version is not just a secondary option but the definitive way to experience the story.
However, the prevalence of the search term "Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed Download" also highlights the ongoing tension between digital accessibility and copyright protection. In the era of streaming, many viewers seek out downloadable files from third-party websites to bypass subscription fees or to combat unreliable internet connectivity. While these downloads offer immediate gratification, they often exist in a legal gray area and pose security risks to the user’s device, such as malware or phishing threats. This high search volume underscores a significant market gap; there is a clear appetite for localized international content, yet the methods of delivery are often fragmented across various paid and unpaid platforms.
In conclusion, the legacy of Ice Age 2 in India is defined by its successful linguistic transformation. The film proved that universal themes of friendship, family, and survival could be enhanced by regional flavor, turning a Hollywood blockbuster into a household staple across the subcontinent. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the persistent hunt for a Hindi dubbed download serves as a reminder of the film’s enduring popularity and the constant demand for high-quality, localized entertainment that speaks directly to the heart of the audience.
If you are looking to watch or download Ice Age 2: The Meltdown
in Hindi, the most reliable and legal way to do so is through major streaming platforms. Below is the essential information for watching the movie legally in India. Where to Watch and Download Legally
franchise is owned by Disney, meaning it is primarily available on Disney-affiliated services. JioHotstar / Disney+ Hotstar : You can stream and download Ice Age: The Meltdown JioHotstar Offline Viewing
: The mobile app typically allows you to download content for offline viewing if you have a valid subscription. Audio Options
: While the main listing is often in English, Disney+ Hotstar frequently includes multiple audio tracks, including , within the player settings for their animated features. Movie Details: Ice Age 2 (The Meltdown)
: Manny, Sid, and Diego discover that global warming is melting their icy home, threatening their valley with a massive flood. They must lead the other animals to safety while Manny finds a potential companion in Ellie, a mammoth who thinks she’s a possum. Characters & Voice Cast
: Ray Romano (English) / Vinod Kulkarni (Hindi - Collision Course).
: John Leguizamo (English) / Asif Ali Beg (Hindi - Collision Course).
: Denis Leary (English) / Saptarishi Ghosh (Hindi - Collision Course).
: Queen Latifah (English) / Mmeena Nahata (Hindi - Collision Course). Streaming Status Summary Availability JioHotstar Streaming & App Downloads 4K/HD Quality Google Play / YouTube Movies Often available for Rent/Buy Permanent Download Important Note
: Be cautious of "free download" sites. These often host pirated content that can contain malware or lead to legal issues. Using official platforms like Disney+ Hotstar
ensures the highest video quality and safety for your device. for the other movies in the Ice Age: The Meltdown
Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed Download: A Comprehensive Guide
Are you a fan of animated movies and looking for a way to download Ice Age 2 in Hindi dubbed? Look no further! In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to download Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed, along with some interesting facts about the movie.
Introduction to Ice Age 2
Ice Age 2, also known as Ice Age: The Meltdown, is a computer-animated comedy-adventure film directed by Mike Thurmeier and Carlos Saldanha. The movie was released in 2006 by 20th Century Fox Animation. It is the second installment in the Ice Age series and stars the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, Queen Latifah, and Simon Pegg.
Plot of Ice Age 2
The movie takes place several years after the events of the first film. The characters are now living in a post-Ice Age world where the ice is melting, and the gang must navigate through a changing landscape to find a new home. Along the way, they encounter new challenges, obstacles, and characters, including a group of eccentric British penguins.
Why Download Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed?
Downloading Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed can be a great option for those who prefer watching movies in their native language. The Hindi dubbed version of the movie offers an excellent way to enjoy the film with the same excitement and humor, but with a language that is more familiar to Hindi-speaking audiences.
How to Download Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed
There are several ways to download Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed, but we must emphasize that downloading copyrighted content from unauthorized sources is against the law and can harm the film industry. However, we will provide you with some legitimate options to access the movie. The year was 2006
Option 1: Streaming Services
One of the best ways to watch Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed is through streaming services that offer the movie with a subscription. Some popular streaming platforms that offer Ice Age 2 with Hindi dubbing include:
Option 2: Purchase or Rent
Another option is to purchase or rent Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed from online marketplaces like:
Option 3: DVD/Blu-ray
If you prefer a physical copy of the movie, you can purchase the Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed DVD or Blu-ray disc from online marketplaces like Amazon or Flipkart.
Interesting Facts about Ice Age 2
Here are some interesting facts about Ice Age 2:
Conclusion
Downloading Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed can be a great way to enjoy the movie in your native language. However, we must emphasize the importance of accessing the movie through legitimate sources to support the film industry. We hope this comprehensive guide has provided you with useful information on how to download or stream Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed. So, what are you waiting for? Start streaming or downloading Ice Age 2 Hindi dubbed today and enjoy the hilarious adventures of Manny, Sid, and Diego!
FAQs
The 2006 animated sequel Ice Age: The Meltdown (popularly known as Ice Age 2) is a beloved family adventure available for viewing through official digital platforms. While the film was originally released in English, it has been dubbed into several languages, including Hindi, to cater to global audiences. Where to Watch Ice Age 2 in Hindi
For a safe and high-quality viewing experience, it is recommended to use official streaming services rather than unauthorized download sites.
Disney+ Hotstar: As of April 2026, the entire Ice Age franchise, including The Meltdown, is hosted on Disney+. In India, Disney+ Hotstar typically provides multiple audio options, including Hindi dubbed versions for major animated features.
Digital Purchase/Rent: You can often find the movie for rent or purchase on platforms like Google Play Movies or Apple TV, which frequently include regional language tracks. Plot Overview
The story follows Manny (mammoth), Sid (sloth), and Diego (sabre-toothed tiger) as they discover that their icy home is melting due to global warming.
The Threat: A massive glacial dam is about to burst, threatening to flood their valley.
New Characters: Along their journey to high ground, they meet Ellie, a female mammoth who hilariously believes she is an opossum, and her "brothers" Crash and Eddie.
Themes: The film balances slapstick comedy with themes of climate change, survival, and the fear of extinction. Critical Reception
Ratings: The movie holds a PG rating (Parental Guidance recommended) due to some mild peril and slapstick violence suitable for children over the age of eight.
Reviews: It is generally praised for its improved animation over the first film and its charming humor, particularly the subplots involving Scrat and his elusive acorn. Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006) - IMDb
Related interests * Animal Adventure. * Computer Animation. * Slapstick. * Adventure. * Animation. * Comedy. * Family. Ice Age 2: The Meltdown - Into Film
While the phrase "Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed Download" often appears in search bars, it represents more than just a file request—it highlights the global impact of animation and the unique charm of localized storytelling The Magic of the Hindi Dub Ice Age: The Meltdown
(2006) was brought to Indian audiences, it wasn't just a literal translation; it was a cultural reimagining. The Hindi dubbing industry is famous for adding regional flavor
, puns, and slang that make global characters feel like local icons. Manny the Mammoth takes on a stoic, elder-brother persona. Sid the Sloth
becomes a fast-talking, comedic highlight with a distinct accent.
maintains his "cool" factor with sharp, witty Hindi dialogue. Why People Search for It
The persistent search for a "download" of the Hindi version is driven by
. For many in India, this film was an introduction to high-quality CGI animation. Watching it in Hindi allows families to enjoy the humor together, bridging the gap between generations who might not follow the original English nuances but resonate deeply with the slapstick comedy and emotional themes of survival and friendship. The Accessibility Aspect
The demand for a downloadable version also points to the evolution of digital media. While the movie is readily available on official streaming platforms like Disney+ Hotstar
, many fans still look for offline copies to preserve the specific Hindi audio track they grew up with. Conclusion Ultimately,
in Hindi is a testament to how great stories cross borders. It proves that whether a mammoth is speaking English or Hindi, the themes of family, change, and humor
🧊 Ice Age 2: The Meltdown (Hindi Dubbed) – Download & Watch Online
Looking to relive the hilarious journey of Manny, Sid, and Diego as they escape the great flood? Ice Age 2: The Meltdown (2006)
is available in Hindi dubbed format, featuring the iconic Hindi voice-over produced by Sound & Vision India.
Here is how you can legally watch or download the movie safely in 2026. 📺 Where to Watch/Download Hindi Version As of April 2026, the best options to stream in Hindi include: JioHotstar The film is currently available to stream in Hindi. VI Movies & TV Available on the platform. Prime Video The film is listed on Prime Video. Physical Media: VCDs of the Hindi dubbed version are sometimes listed on
Note: For the best experience, use legal streaming platforms that support Hindi audio tracks rather than downloading from insecure sites. 🎬 Movie Details Ice Age: The Meltdown (Ice Age 2) Release Year: Hindi (Original English available) Animation, Adventure, Comedy 87 Minutes
Global warming hits the Ice Age! Manny the Mammoth, Sid the Sloth, and Diego the Saber-toothed tiger must trek to a safer valley while Manny discovers he might not be the last woolly mammoth. 💡 Why Watch in Hindi? The Hindi dubbing of Ice Age: The Meltdown
is popular for its witty adaptation, bringing local humor to the banter between Sid and Diego, making it a perfect watch for families and children. Disclaimer:
Always use official streaming services for downloads to avoid malware and respect copyright laws.
Ice Age 2: The Thaw Hindi Dubbed Download Tip: When you buy or rent from any
Ice Age 2, also known as Ice Age: The Thaw, is a 2006 computer-animated comedy-adventure film. If you're looking for a Hindi dubbed version of the movie, I've got you covered.
Where to Download?
Before I provide any download links, I want to emphasize the importance of using legitimate sources to access movies. This helps support the creators and ensures you get a high-quality, virus-free file.
Here are some options:
Direct Download Links
If you still prefer to download the movie, here are some verified links:
Additional Tips
About the Movie
Ice Age 2: The Thaw is a fun, animated adventure that follows Manny, Sid, and Diego as they face new challenges after the ice age. The movie features stunning animation, engaging characters, and a heartwarming story.
System Requirements
If you plan to download or stream the movie, ensure your device meets the minimum system requirements:
Language Support
The Hindi dubbed version of Ice Age 2: The Thaw is available with English subtitles.
FAQs
Q: Is Ice Age 2: The Thaw available with Hindi dubbing on Netflix? A: Unfortunately, it's not available on Netflix.
Q: Can I download Ice Age 2: The Thaw for free? A: While some websites may offer free downloads, I recommend using legitimate sources to support the creators.
Q: Is the Hindi dubbed version of Ice Age 2: The Thaw available on YouTube? A: You can try searching for it on YouTube, but be cautious of unauthorized uploads.
End of Content
The Ethics of Downloading Movies: A Look at Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed
The internet has revolutionized the way we access and consume entertainment. With just a few clicks, we can download or stream our favorite movies and TV shows. However, this convenience raises important questions about the ethics of downloading movies. In this essay, we'll explore the issue of downloading movies, using Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed as a case study.
The Allure of Free Entertainment
The temptation to download movies for free is strong. With the rising costs of movie tickets and subscription services, it's no wonder that many people turn to online platforms to access their favorite films. Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed, a popular animated movie, is no exception. The movie's success and popularity make it a sought-after title for download.
The Dark Side of Piracy
However, downloading movies without paying for them is a form of piracy. Piracy deprives creators and producers of their rightful earnings, which can have serious consequences for the film industry. When movies are downloaded for free, the people involved in making the movie, including actors, directors, and producers, lose out on revenue that they need to fund future projects.
The Impact on the Film Industry
The impact of piracy on the film industry cannot be overstated. According to a report by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), piracy costs the film industry billions of dollars each year. This loss of revenue can lead to reduced investment in new projects, lower quality films, and even job losses.
The Alternative: Legal Streaming and Downloading
Fortunately, there are legal alternatives to downloading movies for free. Streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+ offer a vast library of movies and TV shows for a monthly subscription fee. These services ensure that creators and producers receive fair compensation for their work. Additionally, many movies, including Ice Age 2, are available for purchase or rent on platforms like Google Play Movies, iTunes, and Amazon Video.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while the temptation to download movies for free is strong, it's essential to consider the ethics of piracy. Downloading Ice Age 2 Hindi Dubbed or any other movie without paying for it can have serious consequences for the film industry. Instead, we should opt for legal streaming and downloading services that support creators and producers. By doing so, we can enjoy our favorite movies while ensuring that the people who made them receive fair compensation for their work.
The second installment of the popular animated franchise, Ice Age: The Meltdown
(commonly known as Ice Age 2), is widely available in Hindi for fans in India. The Hindi dub was produced by Sound & Vision India, ensuring high-quality voice acting for the beloved prehistoric trio. Where to Watch or Download Legally
To enjoy the Hindi version with the best video quality and safety, use official streaming platforms. These services often allow for offline viewing (downloads) within their respective mobile apps:
Disney+ Hotstar: The primary home for the Ice Age franchise in India. You can stream it in Hindi and download it for offline use if you have a valid subscription.
YouTube Movies: Available for rent or purchase. Once purchased, the movie is added to your library and can often be downloaded through the YouTube app for viewing without an internet connection.
Google Play Movies: Similar to YouTube, you can buy or rent the Hindi-dubbed version here. Movie Summary
The sequel follows Manny (the mammoth), Sid (the sloth), and Diego (the saber-toothed tiger) as they realize their icy valley is about to flood due to global warming. During their journey to safety, Manny meets Ellie—another woolly mammoth who hilariously believes she is an opossum—and her two "brothers," Crash and Eddie. Voice Cast (English & Hindi) Manny: Ray Romano Sid: John Leguizamo Diego: Denis Leary Ellie: Queen Latifah Crash & Eddie: Seann William Scott
Caution: Avoid using unofficial third-party websites for downloads. These sites often host pirated content that can expose your device to malware or viruses. Stick to verified platforms like Disney+ Hotstar for a secure experience.
Ice Age 2: The Meltdown – Hindi‑Dubbed Edition (How to Watch Legally)
Published: April 2026
If you love the movie, watch it legally. The experience is superior, and you support the artists. Here is where you can find Ice Age: The Meltdown (Hindi Dubbed) in 2024-2025: